A standard, collective index regarding mix-exercise try determined for each and every mixture of maternal forest and you will pollen donor, according to mature good fresh fruit put, seed germination, and you will survivorship and you will development of seedlings. For each and every varieties, mixed-model study out of difference was applied to assess the results away from crossing treatment (repaired impression; having maternal forest provided due to the fact an arbitrary effect) for the part of hand-pollinated plant life form adult good fresh fruit, prices from vegetables germination and seedling survivorship, seedling size during the step one yr, and you can collective physical fitness. Numerous habits was indeed checked out having fun with ANOVA: (a) also all the service, (b) leaving out imbalanced service, to permit evaluation out-of correspondence terms and conditions, (c) without selfing medication (since the maternal woods was indeed mainly or completely thinking-incompatible), and you may (d) collection all the within-Sinharaja outcrossing providers to evaluate the outcome away from within this- against. between-forest crossing. The effect out of crossing range on each parameter is actually next examined using linear otherwise quadratic regression investigation, according to form of the connection. Lastly, for every single maternal forest, the consequences of nearby-neighbors and you can long-range mating were estimated through indicator away from biparental inbreeding despair and outbreeding depression, respectively, predicated on cumulative physical fitness philosophy.
Syzygium rubicundum
Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: Fdos,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).
Shorea cordifolia
Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; meilleures applications de rencontres pansexuelles Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; Fdos,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.